By Nimra Arshad
The divide between Shia and Sunni Muslims, often referred to as the “Shia-Sunni concept,” has been one of the most significant and enduring schisms in Islamic history. This divide dates back to the early years of Islam and continues to influence Muslim communities worldwide today.
The Shia-Sunni schism traces its roots back to the early leadership succession of the Islamic community after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. While the majority of Muslims (Sunni Muslims) believed that the rightful caliphs, or leaders of the Islamic community, should be chosen through consensus, some Muslims (Shia Muslims) believed that leadership should be limited to the descendants of the Prophet, starting with his cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib.Ali’s claim to the caliphate led to a series of conflicts, most notably the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, where Ali’s son and Shia’s revered figure, Imam Hussein, was martyred. This event further deepened the divide between the two groups and solidified the foundation of the Shia-Sunni schism.The primary difference between Shia and Sunni Islam lies in their beliefs about the rightful successors to the Prophet Muhammad. Sunnis hold that the caliphs should be elected by the community, while Shias maintain that leadership should remain within the Prophet’s bloodline, with a line of twelve divinely appointed Imams.
Sunni Muslims follow the consensus of their community scholars, while Shia Muslims regard their Imams as infallible spiritual guides and religious authorities who can interpret the Quran and hadith (traditions of the Prophet) with divinely inspired knowledge.While both Sunni and Shia Muslims share core religious practices, there are some differences in their rituals, such as the way prayers are performed, the commemoration of important religious events, and the mourning ceremonies for the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, which is particularly significant for Shia Muslims.Shias and Sunnis share most of the same fundamental beliefs in Islam, but there are variations in theological doctrines, particularly concerning the concept of divine justice and the nature of God.In the modern world, the Shia-Sunni concept continues to have significant implications for Muslim communities, both regionally and globally. Sectarian tensions and conflicts have emerged in various parts of the Muslim world, fueled by political, social, and economic factors, often exacerbated by external interests.
Countries like Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen have experienced sectarian strife, where political power struggles often intersect with religious differences. Additionally, regional powers such as Iran and Saudi Arabia have been accused of exacerbating sectarian tensions for geopolitical influence.
However, it is essential to recognize that not all interactions between Shia and Sunni communities are marked by conflict. Many Muslims prioritize unity and cooperation, emphasizing shared beliefs and common heritage as a means of transcending historical divisions. The Shia-Sunni concept is a complex and historically rooted division within Islam that continues to shape the Muslim world’s social, political, and religious landscape. Despite their differences, both Shia and Sunni Muslims share the core principles of Islam and its teachings. In today’s interconnected world, fostering dialogue, understanding, and respect between these two branches becomes crucial in promoting peace and harmony within the Muslim community and beyond. By focusing on common ground and mutual respect, Muslims can build bridges and overcome historical divides, embracing diversity while upholding the unity of the Ummah (Muslim community).
— The writer is currently studying at University of Punjab’s School of communication studies at Department of journalism. She takes interest in writing different topics.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Lahore Mirror
